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Izimfuneko zezigaba esiphakeme zeziseko zokuvikela izinkonteyena ze-ISO 17712:2013
Kwakhiwe ngo-17712:2013, i-International Standards Organization (ISO) yasethula izimithetho ozifunayo iziseko zokuvikela izinkonteyena ezinamandla okufaneleka ukuze ziqondwe njengokuthi ziyisikhundla sokuvikela kusukela kuzo kwezindawo zasezweni lonke. Ukuze ususe ukungafani kwezinyathelo zokuhlanganisa, ukungavumeleki kwezinto zokuthengisa, noma ukuphela kwesibizo sezithengisi, kufanele ufanele nezimithetho.
Ukugcina kwezintathu kanye nokuthi ngani ‘H’-class iyisifundamenteli kwezindlela zokuthengisa zasezweni lonke
ISO 17712:2013 isibonelo sezikhumba ngamaphuzu amathathu: Okubonisa (I), Esigcwele (S), kanye nezikhumba zokugcina phakade (H). Izikhumba zesiklasi ye-I ziyisisekelo esingasemthwakweni wokuthumela izinto ezihamba phakathi kwemiphakathi. Izikhumba zesiklasi ye-I zinakunika ukuvikela okuncane kusukela kwezinye izindawo, kodwa azikwazi ukudayisa imizamo yokuthumela. Isiklasi se-H yilona kuphela okufanele. Iyadayisa imizamo okufunekayo ngokuthumela phakathi kwemiphakathi. Izikhumba zesiklasi se-H kufanele zifundiswe emalaboratorini etholakileyo ukuthi zibe yezikhumba zokugcina phakade. Amaphoyisa asekhaya ayefuna ukuthi izinkonteynha zokuthumela phakathi kwemiphakathi zibe nesikhumba sesiklasi se-H. Kunezinkinga zokuthatha izinto ezingaphansi kwezinkonteynha, 78%, zidala ngokuphindaphinda kwezikhumba. Kuyisisekelo sokuthi isikhumba sesiklasi se-H sifunekwe ukuthi sitholeke kumkhiqizo wokugcina umkhakha wokuthumela.
Imizamo Emikhulu Yezintechiniki: Ukuphefumula ≥10 kN, Ukuvikela kwe-Ishearing, kanye nokudesigna ukuthi kungavikeli.
Ukuba kufanele kubhekwe njengezikhumba zesiklasi se-H, kufanele ikhulele imizamo emithathu yezintechiniki okungafani kanye no-ISO 17712: 2013.
Ukuhambisana Kwesikhathi ≥10 kN: Lokhu kufanana nokuba kunezimilo zokuphatha eziningi kakhulu kwe-2,250 lbs zokuphatha ngaphandle kwezinye izinto—kuboniswa ngokuziphatha kwe-hydraulic pull test.
Ukuhambisana Kwesikhathi: Kufanele kube nesibonelo sokungafihliwa ngamashini okukhupha amabholthi nezinye izinkampani zokusebenza ngohand—kuboniswa ngokuziphatha kwe-shear esivumelwayo.
Isimo Sokubonisa Ukuthi Kwenziwe Isigqokeko: Zonke izizathu zokususa noma ukugcina kufanele zithiwe ngokungafakwanga emva kanye nokubonakala kahle ukuthi kwenziwe isigqokeko, ukuthi kuhlanywe, ukuthi ubuvili bumbono, noma ukuthi kubuyekeze kwezinye izinto ezincane noma kwezinye izinto eziphansi—kuboniswa ngokuthi:
Ukuchaza kwesikhebe.
Ukuchaza Kwemithambo Yezixhumanisi Zokuziphatha
Ukuhambisana Kwesikhathi (≥10 kN) Kukhuluma Ukuthi Kungafihliwa Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ngokuphatha Ngokushesha Ng......
Ukuhambisana Kwesikhathi Kukhuluma Ukuthi Kungafihliwa Ngamashini Okukhupha Amabholthi Ukuchaza Ukuthi Kungafihliwa Ngamashini Okukhupha Amabholthi
Isimo Sokubonisa Ukuthi Kwenziwe Isigqokeko Kukhuluma Ukuthi Kwenziwe Isigqokeko Ukuchaza Kwesikhebe Esincane
Abahleli bokuphatha kufanele bafakane amathuluzi okugcina isiphumo esihlukile nezinkampani zokuvula ngokuphinda (izinkampani zokuvula ezinokuhlupha noma izikhiwo esizokusebenzisa kuphela umva wokusebenza). Ukuthembekile kuboniswa ngokuthi kubhalwa yisibhali sokuthembeka ngobunye ubunye, nokuphatha kwesikhathi sokugcina ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphatha kwezinkampani zokuvula ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kusebenza njengoba kufanele ukuze izinkampani zokuvula zithole izinkinga zezindawo zokuhambisa ezenziwa ngokwesibonelo.
Ukulinganisa kwe-CTPAT ne-Customs yaseMericana: Ukubonakalisa Ukuthembekile Kwezinkampani Zokuvula Kwemibala
Ukuthembekile Kungenye: Ukuphatha Kwemisebenzi Nokuphatha Kwesandla
Ukuhlanganisa kwe-CTPAT kubhekisele kunezihluzi zokugcina kuphela. Kubhekisele kuzo zonke izindlela zokulungisa nokulungisa. Kusenokwenza kuphela abantu abancane abaqinisekisiwe ukwenza lokho ukuthi baphinde bafaka lezi zihluzi zesikhathi sezihluzi se-H-class uma izinkonteynha zihlakazwa. Umphathi othile kufanele akhombise ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa ngendlela elungile. Kuzonke izindawo zokuhlola, kuyasebenzisa indlela eyithi VVTT. Lokhu ngu-VVTT? I-VVTT ibhekisele kuzo izinyathelo zokuhlanjwa, ukuvumela ukuthi inombolo yezihluzi iyahambisana nezibhalo, emva kwalokho kuyahlola kabili ngokwesithunzi. Okokuqala kwezi zinhlobo ziyohlola ukuthi izihluzi zihlakazwa ngendlela elungile. Okwesibili kuyohlola ukuthi izihluzi zingakhulula ngokuphelele futhi zingabekwa ngokungafanele.
Amarekhodi amuhle okuchaza indlela yokubhalwa kwezinto zokusebenza kusiza ngokufanayo ekhaya lokusebenza. Sifuna amarekhodi wezinhlangano zezindaba zokubhalwa ngokwesikhombisa, indawo yezikhombisa, umthwali wezikhombisa, ukubuyisela kwamanye amakhombisa, nokuthi kuzoba nendaba yezikhombisa. Kufuneka sikhalele amakhombisa athilelwe ngeminyaka emibili. Uma kunezinkinga kumarekhodi, sizibonisa izimpahla zokuthumela, futhi sizibonisa i-CBP. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi sithembekile kuwo wonke amaphuzu. I-Transport Security Report yoyolo yasho ukuthi ingxenye enkulu yeproblemi yokhulula kwezinhlangano zokusebenza yisiphetho sokungakho kwezindlela, akukho kuthile kwezikhombisa ezihlukene. Ukuphatha amarekhodi wokusebenza ngokuvuselela kuyisidingo esifanayo nokuphatha konke amathuba okuxhumana kwezinhlangano zokusebenza.
Isimo Sokuboniswa Kwangaphansi Kwemfundo Yasezweni: Ukuboniswa Kwamakhombisa Okuxhumana Ngokwesikhombisa Ngokwama-WCO, i-EU, nezimfundo zase-Asia-Pacific
Amagreement Okuboniswa Kwabanye (MRA) Nezinhlangano Zokuboniswa Kwamakhombisa Ngaphansi Kwemilonga
Imithandazo Yokubuyisana (MRA) ibuyisa imisebenzi yokugcina izindawo zokugcina ngokuvumela ukuthi izikhumba zezibhokisi eziprovayidiwe zihlale kuzobuyiselwa kusukela ekupheleni kweminyango lapho zihamba ngeminyango yezizwe ezihlanganayo. Kusuka kwesibonelo se-World Customs Organization ngendlela yokusebenza kwe-SAFE Framework, i-MRA ziyinhloso yokuqondisa iziphakamiso eziningi zezinto zokuzivikela, okunjalo kuzoba kubhekene ngezicertifikethi ze-ISO 17712:2013 H-Class. Ngakho-ke uma isikhumba sivumelwe ema-ku-nye yezizwe, kubhekwa njengoba sifanele kwezinye izizwe. Izintime zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zidala ukuthi zihlala kuhlanza ngama-70% futhi zinikeza ubukhulu bokuvikela ukuthi kufanele kubuyiselwa. Isibonelo silo sikhumba esicertifikethiwe ngu-US CTPAT program, esivumelwe emazwe amaningi e-Asia-Pacific futhi asetshenziswa ngemithandazo yokubuyisana, ngakho-ke kususwa izindlela zokuthenga iziqhupha zokuzivikela futhi kubuyiswane ubukhulu bokusebenza kwezibhokisi zonke.
Izinguquko Zasezizweni: Imithambo Yezikhumba Efanayo Ne-TAPA e-Japan Ngasemva Kwesi-EU se-AEO
I-ISO 17712:2013 iyisisekelo esiphansi sokubekwa kwempahla emthethweni embonini yezimpawu. I-AEO ye-EU igcizelela kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa kwedatha, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izinkampani zikhiqiza izimpawu ezivumela ukuhlangana kwezinhlelo zedatha yedijithali kulo lonke i-EU. Kunokugxila okuqinile ezinhlelweni zokuvala ngokwazo ngokulungiswa kweJapan kuTAPA, okuyisilinganiso esiqinile ngokomzimba. Kunesidingo esingokomthetho sokuba nesivalo se-bolt esingaphezu kuka-18 kN sanoma yisiphi isivalo esisebenza ezingxenyeni zokuthutha zokuphakelayo ezibhekwa njengeziyingozi futhi imithetho iqine kakhulu maqondana nokuthi isivalo se-bolt kufanele sisetshenziswe nini futhi kanjani nokuthi isivalo kufanele sihlolwe Kuba okubaluleke kakhulu kumabhizinisi athutha izimpahla aya/esuka eYurophu nase-Asia Pacific mayelana nokuhambisana nemithetho yokuvala ngoba kunamathuba angu-15-30% okuhlolwa kwamakhasimende kwempahla engalawulwa, lapho-ke, imithwalo ivame ukuboshwa yonke kuze kuphele ukuhlolwa nokuqedwa okuphelele.
Ukukhetha Amaseyili Esebenzayo Okugcina Isibonelo Sokuthi Ithayela Ayisigcine: Umlerelo Wokuphatha Ukuzimela
Kufanele ube nomthetho wokugcina uma uqondisa iziqondiso zokuvikela okufanele sebenziswe ekuthumelweni kwemibala, ukuthi umthetho wakho uzosindiswa ngokuphelele emaphakathi okukhombisa. Okokuqala nokuphambili, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi yonke imibala yeqondiso liyineqondiso eliqinisekisiwe lokuvikela eliqinisekisiwe ngokwesifundo se-ISO 17712:2013 'H' class ekuhlakanipheni kwezinye izindawo. Izidocumenta ezinye ezibonisa ukuthi iqondiso liyinqulungu yezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani zokubamba ngokwezinkampani......
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Iyini i-ISO 17712:2013
Ukuthuthwa kwezikhwama emhlabeni wonke kunezindinganiso ezibalulekile, i-ISO 17712:2013, ezisungula umhlahlandlela wemisebenzi nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zokuphepha okuphezulu. Uma ufuna ukuhambisana nokuhweba kwamazwe ngamazwe, kufanele uhambisane nalesi siqondiso.
Kungani uphawu lwe-H lubalulekile?
izimpawu ze-H Class zibalulekile ekuhwebeni nasemikhumbi yamazwe ngamazwe ngoba zinokuvikelwa okungcono kakhulu ngoba ziphumelele ukuhlolwa okunzima kokungcoliswa nokungena ngenkani.
Yiziphi izidingo eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe zezitsha zokuvala ezifakwa esigabeni "H"?
Izidingo eziyinhloko zibeka amandla okudonsa >= 10 kN nokumelana nokuqhekeka kanye nezinye izidingo zidinga ukuthi ukuvalwa kube nokungasetshenziswa kahle ukuze kuvikelwe ekungasetshenziswanga kahle kanye/noma amandla angenabulungisa.
Ziyini izivumelwano zokuqashelwa okuhlangene (MRAs)?
Nge-MRA, izimpawu ezivunyelwe eziseziquketheni ziyaqashelwa amanye amazwe angabalingani ngokuhlolwa okuncane, inqobo nje uma amazwe e-MRA ehambisana nezidingo zokuphepha.
Ukuthi ukuthintana kwezinhlelo zokudlula kwezikhundla kuzoba yini kubhokisi zokuhlinzekisa?
Nakuba kukho isibalo esisiseko esinikezwa ngu-ISO 17712:2013, kunezinhlelo ezingaphansi kwesikhundla esingaba yizinye ezihambisana nezinhlelo zokudlula zezikhundla, njengase-EU nase-Japan, okuzoba kuzoba kuyabeka impilo yedatha noma ukuvikela ngokwemithombo emthakathi.