EN
Ukubambisana Kwezihluzi Zokhuseleko Zemithili Nokuthi Kuyisikhundla Sakho Sokuthi Kutholakale Isibopho Nokuthi Kuyisixhobo Sokuthengisa
Izihluzi Zokhuseleko Zemithili Zokugcina Ngokuchaza Noma Zokugcina Ngokuphelele: ukubambisana nezinkambo, izimithi zokusebenza, nezibhokisi zokuthengisa
Ukukhetha isithunywa sendawo yokubulawa kuyiphendula kumthwalo wokubulawa nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela yokusebenza. Izithunywa zesilika sezinkampani ziyatholakala ngokupheleleyo ngezindawo zokubulawa zokugcina izinto ezinkulu, ziyabulawa ngokupheleleyo ngokuphela kwe-25 ku-50 lbs futhi ziyasebenza emaphakathi amancane. Izithunywa ezinkulu ziyabulawa ngokuphela kwe-75 ku-150 lbs futhi ziyasebenzisa kuzo izinto ezinkulu eziphakeme kakhulu apho isithunywa siyagcinwa ngokupheleleyo ngomkhathi omubi futhi sibulawa ngokuphakeme kakhulu. Ukuchaza kweminye imithwalo yezindawo zokubulawa kuyisikhombisa sokubulawa okungafanani ngokupheleleyo kwezindawo zokubulawa kusukela kwe-37% yezindleko zokubulawa. Ngokuphakama kwezithunywa zokubulawa, kufana ngokuphakama kwezindleko zokubulawa. Izithunywa ezinkulu zokubulawa zisebenzisa kuzo izinto zokubulawa zezincampani zezempilo futhi ziyafanana ne-ISO 17712 ‘H’ grade yasezweni lonke. Kuzo zozinye izinto zokubulawa, njengokuthi izithunywa zokubulawa zezinkampani zezilika ezinokusebenziswa kabusha futhi kuzo zonke izindawo, isithunywa sezilika sezinkampani sokubulawa sezingenayo ukusebenza ngokuphela kanye nokususa ngokuphela kanye. Lokhu kusiza ekuboniseni ukuthi kubulawe kakhulu futhi kuyisikhundla esingcono.
Amaseyili we-plastic angaphansi, amaseyili amabili okuvumela, nemaseyili amancane emithi ayisilika kuyizindlela zokusebenza, zabalwe ukuthi zibe yinkhawulo yokuthengisa, ngoba zihambisana nezimanga zokusebenza futhi ziyasebenziswa kabusha.
Ukubhalwa kwezindlela zokusebenza kuyaphatha kakhulu ukusebenza kwezinkambo nokuthengiselwa kweminyaka yokuqala. Isibonelo soko siyisikhombisa ngamaphakathi amancane eplastiki okukhupha ngokuphuma. Kungakwaziwa ukufaka ngomoya omunye ngaphansi kwesithathu sekholi, okuyisibonelo esihle sokubhalwa kwezikhombisa okuzosetyenziswa kumalayizithi apho kusetyenziswa kakhulu, kodwa akazange kuvumelele ukuthintela kabusha. Ukudibanisa isibonelo esinesibindi esinesibili sokuthintela kumaphakathi apho kusetyenziswa kumagumbi okuhlanganisa izinto, izikhombisa ezimbili ziyafuna ukuthintela kakhulu, kodwa le mifanekiso iyatheka 40% kude kufaka. Ngokugcina ukuthintela kwezikhombisa zokubhota, izikhombisa zezinhlobo zokubhota zinamacable asestilini kumabody asepolimeri futhi zinobunzima obungu-30% ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zezikhombisa zokubhota zokuzimele. Nangona yizinhlobo ezinkulu zokuthintela, izikhombisa zezinhlobo zokubhota ziyasebenza kuphela umsindo wodwa. Lokhu kuhambisana nezinga lokusebenza kwezikhombisa kakhulu, apho izikhombisa zokukhupha ngokuphuma zingabhalwe ngokuphansi, futhi ngenxa yokuthi izikhombisa zezinhlobo zokubhota zibhalwe ukuthintela kakhulu kunamaphakathi, ziyakwazi ukuthengiselwa ngokuphansi kunamaphakathi okukhupha ngokuphuma.
Ukucinga imithwalo eyodwa kakhulu yokusebenza ukuze ubuyele kahle emsebenzini wokugcina amaphutha okuphatha ngamandla.
Indawo yokubhukuda (25–150 lbf) njengokuchaza ukungabhekisi: ukulandela ukuthi isihlomelo sivumelane nokuvumela ukusebenza kanye nokuphula kwemisebenzi yasekhaya
Ukuqonda ukuthi ubunzima bokuphuma kuyisibonelo esihle sokuthinteka, kodwa akuyiyo yinto esingasemva kuyo kuphela yokugcinwa kokusebenza kwesikhathi sokusebenza. Amagcinwa amakhulu (100–150 lbf) ayaphuma ngokungafanele futhi ayazwa njengamakhulu kakhulu, kodwa umthelela wokufaka nokuthenga izinkampani ezithile ziyakwenzela ukuthi kubhekwe kakhulu kwezindlela zokufunda futhi kuzoba nezinkinga zokwenza isiphulo. Amagcinwa amancane (25–50 lbf) ayafakwa ngokumangalisayo, ngoba akudingi izinkampani zokufaka, kodwa ayizwa ngokungafanele kakhulu noma kusukela emizimbeni yezinsuku. I-17% yamagcinwa ayaphuma ngokuhamba ngokungafanele ngokungafanele kwebunzima obuyisikhiyekile, okuyisiphumo sokukhetha ubunzima bokugcinwa ngokungafanele ngokubona noma ngokubona kwezinkinga zokuthinteka noma umthelela owaziwa ukuthi amagcinwa ayakwenzela. Lezi zindlela zokukhetha ziyathathwa ukuthi ziyakwenzela ukuvutha kwe-22%, xa kuchazwa ngokulinganisa nokuthengiswa kwesikhathi sonke.
Ukuthinteka okungafanele ngaphezulu kokuphuma: inombolo yamagcinwa, ukucoloreka, ubunikwe kwezindawo, nokulandela i-ISO 17712 njengamadonga okuthinteka okungafanele
Ukuphakanyiswa kwezindawo zokubona ukuthi kusebenziswe ngokungafanele kuzoba yizindlela zokuhlola ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele, njengoba izinombolo eziqondiswayo zokufaka izinombolo zokugcina nokukhokha kwezihlanu ziyasiza ekuboneni ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele futhi ekuboneni kusho ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele ngokushesha kuphakathi kwemithambo yokuthengisa. Ukuguqula kwezinhlobo zezinhlangothi ngokugcina kwezinye izinhlobo zokugcina nezinhlobo zokugcina ezisemthethweni zokugcina kuzoba yinkambu yokugcina ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele. Ukubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele, ukubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele, nokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele ngokuphatha kwe-ISO 17712 kuyasiza ekuboneni ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele. Lokhu konke kuyabangela ukuthi izihlilo zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele ziyakhula ngokushesha futhi ziyabeka isikhundla sokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele, futhi ziyabanga izindlela zokuvikela imali.
Khetha izinkulungwane zokusebenza nezinhlobo zokusebenza zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuth......
Izihlilo zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokusebenza ngokuphatha kwe-PP, HDPE, ne-Nylon: izifundo zezinhlobo zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokubona ukuthi kusetyenzisiwe ngokungafanele zokub......
Ukuphakanyiswa kwezindawo zokusebenza nokugcina kwezinhlobo zezinto ziyisibonelo sokukhetha izinto. I-polypropylene iyatholakala ngokulinganayo kodwa kuphela ukuthi kuyasebenza kahle kuma-UV, amafundo ayasho ukuthi kubhekwa isibindi esiphakathi eminyakeni miyane. I-HDPE iyisifunda esihle kuma-temperature okubi kakhulu we-–40°C kungezi i-PP eyakwenzeka ukuthi ibhekwe. I-Nylon iyisifunda esihle kakhulu kuma-UV futhi iyabuza 95% yekheshi le-tensile eminyakeni miyane ekuseni, kodwa ukuthengiswa kuyakhula ngama-30%
Qhathanisa lezi zimboni zokusebenza eziningi:
Ukuthi izinto ziyasebenza kuma-UV Ukuthi kuzoba phansi kwetemperature engaphezulu Ukuphakanyiswa Kwesikhathi Sokusebenza Ukuncamnisa Ukungena Kwezinto Ezilungile
PP Kuphela –20°C Eminyakeni miyane Kuphela
HDPE Kuphela –40°C Eminyakeni miyane–mishumi emibili Kuphela
Nylon Kuphela –30°C Eminyakeni mishumi emibili futhi kusha Kuphela
Emazweni apho kukhona ukuthwala kahle noma kusuka ngaphandle, i-HDPE ne-Nylon zincongofa noma zilimita ukubuyiselwa. Isibindi sokufa kufa kuyizinto ezingenakho. Ukuncamnisa Ukungena Kwezinto Ezilungile kuyisibonelo esikhulu sokudesign. Izindlela zokuhlanza kwezinto zihlinzela izinto ukususa ukuthi kuzobhekwa kwe-microfracture ngokuphinda-phinda kokusebenzisa.
Izinto zokuqala ze-PP nezinkulungwane ziyabuza isibonelo sakho njengoba ziyasebenza kahle emazweni apho kukhona ukusebenzisa kahle.
Isidlali se-Nylon (–30°C, eminye iminyaka eyi-5) sibeka isidingo sokubuyisela.
Ingaphi amabala amahlanu ase-plastic?
Yebo, kodwa kufanele ube nezimali zokubuyisa ezingu-50J ngokusebenzisa izicabho zonke ukuze uthole ukuguqula.
Umbhakathi uba yini ubuhlungu ukuze ubheke indawo?
Kwesiqephu se-49 CFR umbhakathi akasayi 'buhlungu' uma akabili phansi kwesilinganiso se-25°C.
Ukudlalisa kwezicabho kusinika njani ukudlalisa kwezicabho zokugcina?
Izicabho zokusebenza zogcina ngokugcina kokuphakanyiswa, kodwa izicabho zokuchitha zisebenza ngokugcina okuphakade kakhulu.
Yiziphi izimfuneko zokulandela i-ISO 17712, futhi yikuphi umsebenzi walo?
Ukulandela i-ISO 17712 kusho ukuthi izicabho zokuhlinzekisa zezicabho zase-plastic zifanana nezimfuneko zokuzilungisa okuchazwe kuzo kuzilungiselelo zokuphakama, ukuchitha, nokuphatha kwezinhloso. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi ukulinganisa kwezinye izindaba kubonwe ngabafundi bokulinganisa ngemikhumbi yokulinganisa, futhi kuvumela ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphakade.