Ubuchwepheshe bendawo yokuqondisa ubuchwepheshe obuyiswe ngokuphambili besebenta noma kuzokwenzeka?

Isiqhelo se-ISO/PAS 17712:2013: Isiqhelo Sasezizweni Sokugcina Iindawo Zokuphatha Ngokupheleleyo

Kungani isiqhelo se-ISO/PAS 17712:2013 siyidinga kakhulu ukufaneleka kwezixhobo zokugcina iindawo zokuphatha kwisezizwe

Amaphoyisa asekhaya nezindawo zokuthumela emhlabeni wonke ziyavumela kuphela amasele okwenzeka ngokwezindlela zokuzivikela ezifanayo nezokuhlinzeka kwe-ISO/PAS 17712:2013—umkhakha owodwa, owaziwa ngokubanzi emhlabeni wonke lokuzivikela nokuhlinzeka kwezisele zokuthumela izinto ngokwezindawo. Uma akukho lezi zindlela, izindawo zokugcina nezindawo zokugcina kwezindawo zizosibonisa izindlela zokuhlola ezingafanayo, okuzosika imikhakha, ukungafani kwemisebenzi, nokungazi kwezindlela zokuthumela izinto. Ukuvumela lezi zindlela kusiza ukuthi izisele zisibe nesikhundla sokuboniswa kokungabi ngezinye izinto futhi zisibe nesikhundla sokungabikwa ngokuphambuka kwezinye izinto ngokuphambuka kwezindawo. Abathumeli bafuna lezi zindlela zokuvumela ukuthi bakhangelwe ngokwe-C-TPAT (Ukuxhuma Kwamaphoyisa Nokuthengisa Ngokungabi Ngezinye Izinto). Ukusebenzisa amasele angavumelwane nokuthi amathotho aqondwa, amafayini, nokufunda kakhulu ngokwezindawo zokugcina—okuyisiphumo esiqondile ekuthinteni imikhakha yokuthumela, ukulawula imali, nokubonakalisa ubunzima bakwesithunzi sabathumeli.

Ukuchaza izigaba ezintathu zokuhlinzeka kwezisele: Okubonisa, Okuzivikela, nokuzivikela Kakhulu (nokuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokwezindlela zokuhlinzeka)

ISO/PAS 17712:2013 isichaza izigaba ezintathu zokusebenza ezihlukaniswe ngokwezinhloso zokuzivikela ngokwezinto futhi ngokubonisa ukungabi ngezinye izinto:

• Amasele okubonisa – Nika ubukhazimulo obubanzi bokuthintela (isibonelo, isitshixo sesilika esihlukile) kodwa sinezinkinga ezingaphansi ekuthinteleni ngendlela yomuntu. Sisebenza kuphela kumalayithi amancane okuhamba kwezwe apho ukuphatha kungabikho kusetyenziswa.
• Izikhungo zokuvimbela – Kufuneka kusebenzise izinkampani zeminyaka yokuthintela futhi kubonakala ngokwesibonelo sokuthintela. Kuzokwazi ukuphatha amandla amancane okuphuma nokuthintela, futhi kuyasebenza kumalayithi angafani no-C-TPAT kwezwe noma kwezindawo eziningi.
• Amasitshixo Okuphatha Okuphezulu – Akhanyelwe ukuqhubeka ngokuthintela ngokuvamile ngokusebenzisa amashini amancane, amashini okuthintela amancane, noma amahamha. Ukuba kufanele kubhekwe, kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphathwa kwezinkampani zeminyaka zokuthintela (kunye nezinkampani zokuthintela), ukuthintela ngokuphuma, ukuthintela ngokuthintela, nokuphatha kwezinhlobo zezinto zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuphatha kwezizwe zokuph......

Ukuphatha kwe-C-TPAT & Ukuphatha kwe-CBP: Indlela eYanki yokuqinisekisa ukuthintela kwezizwe zokuphatha

Imiphumela yokungafani nokulinganisa izihluzi zemibhokisi ngaphansi kwe-19 CFR §162.62

U-S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) uyasebenzisa imiphumela emikhulu ngokungafani nokulinganisa izihluzi ngaphansi kwe-19 CFR §162.62. Amaphutha angakwenzeka ngaphezu kwe-$7,500 ngalinye lezinkulungwane, ngokwesicabango sika-CBP sokusebenza esitholakala ngokwesibonelo. Izihluzi ezingavumelekile ziyathinta ukuthi kubhekwe isikhumba ngokuphakeme—okuthintana ngamaphutha okukhula kwe-$150 ngosuku emaphakathi amakhulu ase-United States. Amashipamenti angakwazi ukuthi achazwe uma izihluzi azinakuvumeleka kwe-ISO/PAS 17712:2013 Yokulinganisa Isikhumba Esikhulu, okuthintana ngokuthi kubuyiselwe kahle noma kususelwa izinto. Ukufana kabanzi kuyathinta abantu abanikeza ukuthi bahlukaniswe ngokuphelele kwezinhlangano zokuthengisa futhi kuyathinta ukuthi kususelwe ukuvumeleka kwe-C-TPAT—lokhu kubalulekile kakhulu ukuthi kwenziwe ngokusheshayo ukuthola ukuthengiswa kwezinhlangano futhi ukuthola izindlela zokuthengisa ezinamandla.

Isidingo sokulinganisa izihluzi: Kungani ukuthi ukulinganisa kwe-C-TPAT kuyaphenduka ngokulinganisa kwe-ISO/PAS 17712 Yokulinganisa Isikhumba Esikhulu

Ukufundiswa kwe-ISO/PAS 17712:2013 yokubhala ngokuphelele kungabikho ngokucacileyo kwezinkinga zokubhala ngokuphelele kwe-C-TPAT kuzoba yinkimbinkimbi yokubhala ngokuphelele yezikhumba zokugcina izindawo zokugcina ezenziwa ngabantu abaqinisekisiwe. Lokhu akukho ukuthi kusalelwa—kuyinto esibonakalayo sokubhala ngokuphelele. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi izikhumba zokugcina izindawo zokugcina ziyasebenza ngokuphelele ngokuphathwa ngamaphoyinti amabili, futhi kubonisa ukuthi ziyasebenza ngokuphelele ngezinhlobo zezibhamu eziningi kakhulu kune-15,000 N futhi ziyasebenza ngokuphelele ngezinhlobo zezibhamu zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zokugcina izindawo z......

Izikhumba zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zezibhamu noma izikhumba zokugcina izindawo zokugcina zezibhamu: Ukukhetha isimo sokugcina esifanele kubantu abasebenza ngokuphelele nokuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kubhekwe ngokuphelele

Imiphakathi yokuhamba kwezilwanyana: Kungani imiphakathi emikhulu yokuhamba kwezilwanyana iyadinga amaseyili e-bolt noma amaseyili e-kabeli ephakeme ukuthi aqinisekiswe ngokuphelele

Amaphakathi amakhulu okuhamba kwezilwanyana—kubalandela uMaersk, uMSC, noHapag-Lloyd—ayidinga amaseyili e-bolt noma amaseyili e-kabeli ephakeme okwesifundo se-ISO njengociso lokhuseleko oluzimele. Lokhu kubonisa ubukhulu bekho kubaluleka kwezinkinga zokusebenza nokulandela izinhlangano zezomnotho: amashini okuchitha amakhawuli—amathooli atholakala kahle, amathooli angafanele—ayakwenzela ukuthi amaseyili e-kabeli esingaphakeme ayasemukelwa kahle, ngakho-ke amaseyili e-bolt ayadinga amashini okuchitha amabolt esifunda samadolo noma amashini okuchitha amakhawuli okusebenza ngamandla ukususa. Lokhu kugcinile kahle ukuthi kungabi nempilo yokuqonda noma ukuthi kungabi nempilo yokuqondana kwezindlela eziningi, nezindlela ezingaphansi kwemibhalo eyodwa. Kuvumelwa kakhulu, lokhu kunceda ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuphelele i-C-TPAT, ngoba kuphela amaseyili e-bolt namaseyili e-kabeli okwesifundo se-ISO/PAS 17712:2013 okwesifundo sokhuseleko phakeme abanikwa izimpendulo zokhuseleko zokubhala.

Izimpendulo zokusebenza: Ukuthinteka kwe-bolt cutter vs. ukuthinteka okungaphezu kwe-23 kN kwe-tensile strength bamaseyili e-kabeli ephakeme okwesifundo se-ISO yamaphakathi

Ukukhetha kwe-seal yebhokisi kuyiphendula kwezindlela zokusebenza eziqinisekisiwe nezifundiswe—akukho zizindlela zokubhekisisa. I-bolt ne-high-strength cable seals ziyafika ekhlasini le-high-security ngeminye imithambo yezindlela zokuphatha—kepha ziyasebenza ngokufanayo noma ziyasebenza ngokuthi ziyabhekisa izindlela ezifanayo:

Amaseyili webolt ayisiphumo sokuphepha ngokusebenzisa isitayile esikhazimulayo futhi amechanizimi okuvimbela ayisikhazimulayo ngokuphepha kakhulu ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi akwazi ukugcina ngamathooli okusebenzisa ngohand. Amaseyili wekhabhela okuchazwa ayifana nokuphepha okufanayo ngokusebenzisa umkhawulo wokuphepha okungafani—23 kN (≈5,170 lbf)—okunika ubukhulu bokuthi ukuvimbela kufanele kwenziwe ngamathooli okuphepha okuhle. Amadonga amabili kufanele aphinde abekele izivivinyo zokuvimbela, zokuphuma kwendawo, nezokubendela ukuze abone isiphumo sokuphepha kakhulu. Lokhu kucaphuna indlela yombili yokuphepha okuyinhloso yokuthintela izihlalo zezindawo ezahlukene futhi ekhupha izindlela zokubona ngokuphepha okufanayo nokubonwa ngokuphepha kakhulu ngamagunya e-customs emhlabeni wonke.

Ukuthembiswa Kwedijithali nokubonwa Kwemibhalo Yezihlalo Zemibhalo Yezindawo Ngaphandle Kwemilayini

Ukuthi isithombe sikhuluma ngokudlula kuyakubuyeza indlela okwenziwa ngayo ukubonisa ukuthi isithombe sesihlangoleshi siyasebenza ngokuphelele—kukhulisa ubukhulu, kunciphisa ukungafaneleka, nokuthuthukisa ukuzimisela kwezinhlangano zokugcina izimpendulo. Nakuba ukubona ngokwesibhakabhaka kusenza kahle kusenza kahle, kuyakunqoba isikhathi futhi kuyakwenzeka ukuthi kubhekwe ngokungafanele noma kubhekwe ngokungafanele. Izihlangoleshi zesikhuluma zezinsizakaliso zisengeza i-RFID (Ukubonwa Kwemithambo Yekheshini) ne-GPS ukuze zinikeze ukubonwa kwesikhathi esinye kwezindawo zokufika kanye nokubonwa ngokuzenzakale kwezinto ezilungile ngokuzenzakale, kubhekwa ngokushesha uma kubhekwa ukuthi kubhekwa ngokungafanele kuhlelwe kwezindawo zokuthuthukisa.

Izindlela zokusebenza ezisebenzisa i-blockchain zenza izilayibheli zesithombi esingavunyelwa, esinamalungu amanqanaba okukhokha ngokupheleleyo konke ukuthi kubhekwa kwe-seal, ukubhekwa kweminye imithombo, nokususwa okwenzekile—kunikeza ukuthi kubhekwa kuzo zonke izindawo. Kuzo zizindawo zokubhekwa zokuzenzakalekile, izibhekisi zesithombi ne-RFID zibhekisa ngokushesha izihloko zaseal ngokulingana ngezilayibheli zesithombi, kubhekwa kuzo zonke izindawo zokubhekwa ngokwesibonelo futhi kufundiswa ukuthi kubhekwa kuzo zonke izindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa kwezindawo zokubhekwa k......

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Kungani ukuthi ukuthenga kwe-ISO/PAS 17712:2013 kubalulekile?

Lokhokuthi kubonakalisa ukuthi izikhumba zemibala ziyasebenza ngokulingana nezindlela zokuziphatha ezizenzekileyo zezwe wonke nokuphawula kwemithambo yezindawo, kusiza ekufundiseni kwezinhlangano zemibala nezinhlangano zokuthumela izinto ngokwesifundo esizenzekileyo kuzo zonke izizwe.

Kuzimele iziphi izinguquko phakathi kwezikhumba zokubonakalisa, zokuphawula, nezikhumba zokuphawula okuphezulu?

Izikhumba zokubonakalisa zibonisa ukuthi kwenziwe isikhuba kodwa zingaphawuli kakhulu ngokusebenzisa amandla angaphansi. Izikhumba zokuphawula zinamandla amancane ekuphawuleni ngamathooli amancane. Izikhumba zokuphawula okuphezulu zinamandla okuphawula ngamathooli amancane amahle futhi ziyasebenza ngokulingana nezindlela zokuziphatha ezingaphansi kakhulu.

Kuzimele ukuthi kuzoba kanjani uma ishipeyimenti isebenza nezikhumba ezingavumelekile?

Ishipeyimenti esebenza nezikhumba ezingavumelekile kungabona ukuthi kubhekwe ngokukhula, ukuzimiswa, ukuthi izinto zihlale kuleli sikhumba, noma ukuthi kubhekwe ngokungavumelekile ngamandla emibala, okuvuma ukuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kuyisikhathi sokuthumela nokuthi kubhekwe ukuthi kuyisikhathi sokuthumela.

Izikhumba zedijithali zinhlawumbisa lokhu kokuqinisekisa kwemibala ngokwesikhathi?

Izikhumba zedijithali ziqondana nezintechinoloji njenge-RFID ne-GPS ukubonakalisa ukuthi kwenziwe isikhuba nokuthumela ngokwesikhathi, kusiza ekunakekeleni kwezinhlobo zokuphawula ezilungileyo zokuphawula kwemibala eyavumelekile ngokwesifundo se-ISO.

Ukuchitha kwe-bolt kunye ne-cable kuhluke kanjani ngokwesikhungo?

Amasele ase-bolt ayisebenza ngokusebenzisa i-steel esihlukile ukuthi ahlale amashele ase-bolt, futhi amasele ase-cable aqinisekisiwe ayinika i-tensile strength esifanayo ukuthi ahlale amashele aqondile. Loba yonke ibuyela ku-ISO High-Security standards.